Global 4D Printing Market Overview

Global 4D Printing Market Size Was Valued at USD 142.11 Million In 2023 And is Projected to Reach USD 1523.78 Million By 2032, Growing at A CAGR of 30.16 % From 2024 – 2032

The 4D printing industry represents a cutting-edge evolution of 3D printing technology, integrating the element of time into its processes. Unlike traditional 3D printing, where objects are created layer by layer, 4D printing involves materials that can transform or self-assemble over time when exposed to stimuli such as heat, water, or light. This emerging field holds immense promise across various sectors including healthcare, aerospace, and construction, where dynamic, adaptive structures are increasingly valued. Research and development in 4D printing are focused on enhancing material capabilities, refining printing techniques, and exploring new applications.

As the technology matures, it is anticipated to revolutionize manufacturing by enabling objects to not only be fabricated on demand but also to adapt, repair, or respond to environmental changes autonomously. The continuous advancements in 4D printing signify a transformative shift towards more intelligent and responsive material systems, promising innovative solutions to complex engineering and design challenges shortly.

Market Dynamics And Factors For 4D Printing Market

Drivers:

The ability of 4D printed items to self-transform allows them to make efficient use of limited resources as they respond to external stimuli, resulting in easier after-use disposal and so contributing to environmental sustainability. Shortly, the increased focus on preserving a sustainable environment is projected to boost market expansion. Companies have begun to use these tactics to produce long-term products. A 4D printed object would have lower manufacturing, transportation, and handling expenses, resulting in resource and effort savings and thus environmental sustainability.

Industry 4.0 includes additive manufacturing, generally known as 3D printing. There have been a lot of funding initiatives recently that are contributing to advancements in this technology. For example, Essentium, a 3-D printing company, secured USD 22 million in a Series A investment led by Materialise and Genesis Park. Because additive manufacturing technology is still evolving at a rapid pace, businesses have discovered that offering "manufacturing as a service" is a good strategy. Also, the capacity to make personalized items with lower costs, less energy use, and less material waste is the future of additive manufacturing, which is exactly what Industry 5.0 has to offer. 4-D printing will be encouraged by Industry 5.0 because it will allow designers to focus on the design process rather than the production process. Design flexibility will lead to the creation of more customized and personalized items. Industry 5.0 is expected to test the limits of design physics. When it comes to Industry 4.0, there is a production capability constraint in the creation of next-generation aircraft However, with Industry 5.0, the production process would be more automated, as humans would be primarily focused on aircraft design with the help of 4D Printing. With the integration and use in aerospace and defense, the 4D printing market is anticipated the high-speed growth during the forecasted period.

Restraints:

The high Cost of equipment, machinery, and installation is the primary restraining factor of the 4D Printing Market. As the technology is at the initial stage, not many options available for the raw material procurement, equipment, and machinery maintenance services in the market. Therefore, general setup and maintenance cost is higher compared to return on investment.

Opportunities:

This function is a huge achievement for the 4D printing technology business because it greatly improves the healthcare sector. The market is predicted to develop due to the usage of 4D printing technology to create smart medical models. The industry's development of programmable materials could also foreshadow market expansion since these technologies could be valuable in manufacturing biocompatible body items. The growing need for organ transplant advancements is a driving force in the industry. The development of biocompatible implants, such as biomedical splits and stents, could be a major driver in the industry's future growth. Tissue engineering and self-assembling human-scale biomaterials are two 4D printing applications in growing and emerging industries. Complex therapies, such as cancer chemotherapy, are another application for 4D printing that might propel the sector forward.

Challenges:

Because this technology is not easily available to everyone, it poses considerable obstacles. Biocompatibility is a key criterion in the medical field, yet most of the reported materials for 4D printing are not. As a result, the fundamental issue here is a lack of rapid practical application. Although it has been established that 4D printed materials adapt to many stimuli such as temperature, water, pH, and light, understanding and predicting the material's behavior when subjected to multiple stimuli at once remains a challenge. Furthermore, when a stimulus is withdrawn, complete recovery or reversibility of the printed material to its original shape or configuration may be a challenge, and this issue requires further attention.

Market Segmentation

Segmentation Analysis of 4D Printing Market:

By Material, Programmable Carbon Fiber is expected to dominate the 4D printing market. Carbon Fiber enables high stiffness, low weight, and tensile strength, programmable carbon fiber is expected to increase rapidly, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. It may be altered on its own by printing active material on flexible carbon fiber and activating it with heat. It also doesn't necessitate any complicated electronics, actuators, or sensors. It also reduces total weight and minimizes failure-prone mechanisms, thus its popularity is projected to rise in the coming years. Furniture design, product manufacture, and shipping have all benefited from programmable textiles. They've also devised innovative techniques of self-assembly and user engagement, such as those that eliminate the need for additional materials. Self-transforming structures that reconfigure into pre-programmed shapes can be created by printing material in various layer thicknesses on stretched textiles.

By Industry Use, Military and Defense are anticipated to dominate the 4D Printing Market. Due to various benefits afforded by the technology, such as the ability to repair and self-replicate itself in reaction to external environmental conditions, military & defense is expected to emerge as the fastest expanding segment. Furthermore, the United States Army Research Center is developing new technologies, such as a soldier's clothing that can efficiently defend against harmful chemicals or change its camouflage while traveling through various climates. The growing use of 3D and 4D printed products in the Aerospace industry for its custom requirement of complex designed products attributes to the growth of the 4D printing market in the particular segment. The aerospace industry is expected to overtake the military and defense sector, with a market share of over 25%. The spatial memory approach employed in 4D printing would aid in the formation of a self-deploying structure, which may be used in the aerospace sector to provide air ventilation, for example. Airbus S.A.S. is also working on a way to cool its engines with a smart material that reacts to temperature. With the adoption by such big companies, the 4D printing market is expected to capture the market at a substantial pace during the forecasted period.

Regional Analysis of 4D Printing Market:

North America is dominating in the 4D Printing Market. In terms of adoption in the North American region, notably, the United States is among the leading inventors and pioneers in additive manufacturing. Over the projection period, it is expected to maintain its position as the market leader. In December 2018, Autodesk, based in the United States, established ADAPT, an additive manufacturing consortium that identifies visionary research, scalable education platforms, actionable strategic insights, and an academic-industry ecosystem as the platform's foundation. EnvisionTEC is a leading manufacturer and marketer of proprietary 3D fast prototyping and manufacturing solutions for global enterprises based in Michigan. The company plans to introduce 4-D printed prototypes soon, thanks to its strong client and partner network in the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. According to the OECD, the United States spends more on healthcare as a percentage of GDP than any other country. 4D scanners could be used in healthcare to create 4-D representations of human body parts, which could then be utilized to make prosthetics.

The Asia Pacific market is expected to overtake North America. Technological advances and an increasing focus on the creation of new products are likely to drive market expansion in the Asia Pacific, providing profitable prospects for the industry's top players. The high starting cost, on the other hand, is expected to stifle market expansion in the coming years. The Asia Pacific market is expected to overtake North America. Technological advances and an increasing focus on the creation of new products are likely to drive market expansion in the Asia Pacific, providing profitable prospects for the industry's top players. The high starting cost, on the other hand, is expected to stifle the 4D Printing Market expansion in the coming years.

Players Covered in 4D Printing Market are :

• Autodesk Inc.
• Stratasys Ltd.
• ExOne Co.
• Hewlett Packard Corp.
• 3D Systems Corporation
• Materialise NV
• Organovo Holdings Inc.
• Dassault Systèmes SA
• Bico Group
• CT CoreTechnologie Group
• EnvisionTEC, Inc.
• Self-Assembly Laboratory, sand Other Active Players

Recent Industry Developments In 4D Printing Market

• In June 2023, Zortrax, in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), has successfully concluded a year-long project developing advanced 4D printing technologies for space applications. Utilizing the M300 Dual FDM printer and a modified Z-SUITE software, the team created structures from shape memory polymers and electrically conductive materials. 4D printing, incorporating time as a fourth dimension, enables objects to dynamically alter their geometry in response to external stimuli, promising lighter and more compact deployable structures such as antennas and sensors in space missions.

Chapter 1: Introduction
 1.1 Research Objectives
 1.2 Research Methodology
 1.3 Research Process
 1.4 Scope and Coverage
  1.4.1 Market Definition
  1.4.2 Key Questions Answered
 1.5 Market Segmentation

Chapter 2:Executive Summary

Chapter 3:Growth Opportunities By Segment
 3.1 By Material
 3.2 By Industry Use

Chapter 4: Market Landscape
 4.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  4.1.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier
  4.1.2 Threat of New Entrants
  4.1.3 Threat of Substitutes
  4.1.4 Competitive Rivalry
  4.1.5 Bargaining Power Among Buyers
 4.2 Industry Value Chain Analysis
 4.3 Market Dynamics
  3.5.1 Drivers
  3.5.2 Restraints
  3.5.3 Opportunities
  3.5.4 Challenges
 4.4 Pestle Analysis
 4.5 Technological Roadmap
 4.6 Regulatory Landscape
 4.7 SWOT Analysis
 4.8 Price Trend Analysis
 4.9 Patent Analysis
 4.10 Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19
  4.10.1 Impact on the Overall Market
  4.10.2 Impact on the Supply Chain
  4.10.3 Impact on the Key Manufacturers
  4.10.4 Impact on the Pricing

Chapter 4: 4D Printing Market by Material
 4.1 4D Printing Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 4.2 4D Printing Market Overview
 4.3 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  4.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  4.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.3.4 Programmable Carbon Fiber: Grographic Segmentation
 4.4 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  4.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  4.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.4.4 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain: Grographic Segmentation
 4.5 Programmable Textiles
  4.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  4.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.5.4 Programmable Textiles: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 5: 4D Printing Market by Industry Use
 5.1 4D Printing Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 5.2 4D Printing Market Overview
 5.3 Military & Defense
  5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.3.4 Military & Defense: Grographic Segmentation
 5.4 Aerospace
  5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.4.4 Aerospace: Grographic Segmentation
 5.5 Automotive
  5.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.5.4 Automotive: Grographic Segmentation
 5.6 Textile
  5.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.6.4 Textile: Grographic Segmentation
 5.7 Healthcare
  5.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.7.4 Healthcare: Grographic Segmentation
 5.8 Others
  5.8.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.8.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.8.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.8.4 Others: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 6: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis
 6.1 Competitive Landscape
  6.1.1 Competitive Positioning
  6.1.2 4D Printing Sales and Market Share By Players
  6.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix
  6.1.4 Ansoff Matrix
  6.1.5 4D Printing Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  6.1.6 Top 5 4D Printing Players Market Share
  6.1.7 Mergers and Acquisitions
  6.1.8 Business Strategies By Top Players
 6.2 AUTODESK INC.
  6.2.1 Company Overview
  6.2.2 Key Executives
  6.2.3 Company Snapshot
  6.2.4 Operating Business Segments
  6.2.5 Product Portfolio
  6.2.6 Business Performance
  6.2.7 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments
  6.2.8 SWOT Analysis
 6.3 STRATASYS LTD.
 6.4 EXONE CO.
 6.5 HEWLETT PACKARD CORP.
 6.6 3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 6.7 MATERIALISE NV
 6.8 ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.
 6.9 DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SA

Chapter 7: Global 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 7.1 Market Overview
 7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  7.2.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  7.2.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  7.2.3 Programmable Textiles
 7.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  7.3.1 Military & Defense
  7.3.2 Aerospace
  7.3.3 Automotive
  7.3.4 Textile
  7.3.5 Healthcare
  7.3.6 Others

Chapter 8: North America 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 8.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 8.2 Impact of Covid-19
 8.3 Key Players
 8.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 8.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  8.4.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  8.4.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  8.4.3 Programmable Textiles
 8.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  8.5.1 Military & Defense
  8.5.2 Aerospace
  8.5.3 Automotive
  8.5.4 Textile
  8.5.5 Healthcare
  8.5.6 Others
 8.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  8.6.1 U.S.
  8.6.2 Canada
  8.6.3 Mexico

Chapter 9: Europe 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 9.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 9.2 Impact of Covid-19
 9.3 Key Players
 9.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 9.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  9.4.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  9.4.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  9.4.3 Programmable Textiles
 9.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  9.5.1 Military & Defense
  9.5.2 Aerospace
  9.5.3 Automotive
  9.5.4 Textile
  9.5.5 Healthcare
  9.5.6 Others
 9.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  9.6.1 Germany
  9.6.2 U.K.
  9.6.3 France
  9.6.4 Italy
  9.6.5 Russia
  9.6.6 Spain

Chapter 10: Asia-Pacific 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast,2017-2032
 10.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 10.2 Impact of Covid-19
 10.3 Key Players
 10.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 10.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  10.4.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  10.4.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  10.4.3 Programmable Textiles
 10.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  10.5.1 Military & Defense
  10.5.2 Aerospace
  10.5.3 Automotive
  10.5.4 Textile
  10.5.5 Healthcare
  10.5.6 Others
 10.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  10.6.1 China
  10.6.2 India
  10.6.3 Japan
  10.6.4 Southeast Asia

Chapter 11: South America 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 11.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 11.2 Impact of Covid-19
 11.3 Key Players
 11.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 11.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  11.4.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  11.4.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  11.4.3 Programmable Textiles
 11.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  11.5.1 Military & Defense
  11.5.2 Aerospace
  11.5.3 Automotive
  11.5.4 Textile
  11.5.5 Healthcare
  11.5.6 Others
 11.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  11.6.1 Brazil
  11.6.2 Argentina

Chapter 12: Middle East & Africa 4D Printing Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 12.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 12.2 Impact of Covid-19
 12.3 Key Players
 12.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 12.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Material
  12.4.1 Programmable Carbon Fiber
  12.4.2 Programmable Wood - Custom Printed Wood Grain
  12.4.3 Programmable Textiles
 12.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Industry Use
  12.5.1 Military & Defense
  12.5.2 Aerospace
  12.5.3 Automotive
  12.5.4 Textile
  12.5.5 Healthcare
  12.5.6 Others
 12.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  12.6.1 Saudi Arabia
  12.6.2 South Africa

Chapter 13 Investment Analysis

Chapter 14 Analyst Viewpoint and Conclusion

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 001. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 002. 4D PRINTING MARKET BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
TABLE 003. 4D PRINTING MARKET BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS
TABLE 004. 4D PRINTING MARKET COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
TABLE 005. 4D PRINTING MARKET THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
TABLE 006. 4D PRINTING MARKET THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
TABLE 007. 4D PRINTING MARKET BY MATERIAL
TABLE 008. PROGRAMMABLE CARBON FIBER MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 009. PROGRAMMABLE WOOD - CUSTOM PRINTED WOOD GRAIN MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 010. PROGRAMMABLE TEXTILES MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 011. 4D PRINTING MARKET BY INDUSTRY USE
TABLE 012. MILITARY & DEFENSE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 013. AEROSPACE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 014. AUTOMOTIVE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 015. TEXTILE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 016. HEALTHCARE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 017. OTHERS MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
TABLE 018. NORTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY MATERIAL (2016-2028)
TABLE 019. NORTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRY USE (2016-2028)
TABLE 020. N 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
TABLE 021. EUROPE 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY MATERIAL (2016-2028)
TABLE 022. EUROPE 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRY USE (2016-2028)
TABLE 023. 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
TABLE 024. ASIA PACIFIC 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY MATERIAL (2016-2028)
TABLE 025. ASIA PACIFIC 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRY USE (2016-2028)
TABLE 026. 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
TABLE 027. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY MATERIAL (2016-2028)
TABLE 028. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRY USE (2016-2028)
TABLE 029. 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
TABLE 030. SOUTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY MATERIAL (2016-2028)
TABLE 031. SOUTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRY USE (2016-2028)
TABLE 032. 4D PRINTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
TABLE 033. AUTODESK INC.: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 034. AUTODESK INC.: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 035. AUTODESK INC.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 036. AUTODESK INC.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 036. STRATASYS LTD.: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 037. STRATASYS LTD.: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 038. STRATASYS LTD.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 039. STRATASYS LTD.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 039. EXONE CO.: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 040. EXONE CO.: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 041. EXONE CO.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 042. EXONE CO.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 042. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP.: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 043. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP.: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 044. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 045. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 045. 3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 046. 3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 047. 3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 048. 3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 048. MATERIALISE NV: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 049. MATERIALISE NV: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 050. MATERIALISE NV: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 051. MATERIALISE NV: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 051. ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 052. ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 053. ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 054. ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 054. DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SA: SNAPSHOT
TABLE 055. DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SA: BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
TABLE 056. DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SA: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
TABLE 057. DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SA: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 001. YEARS CONSIDERED FOR ANALYSIS
FIGURE 002. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
FIGURE 003. 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY REGIONS
FIGURE 004. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
FIGURE 005. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
FIGURE 006. COMPETITIVE RIVALRYFIGURE 007. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
FIGURE 008. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
FIGURE 009. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
FIGURE 010. PESTLE ANALYSIS
FIGURE 011. 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY MATERIAL
FIGURE 012. PROGRAMMABLE CARBON FIBER MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 013. PROGRAMMABLE WOOD - CUSTOM PRINTED WOOD GRAIN MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 014. PROGRAMMABLE TEXTILES MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 015. 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY INDUSTRY USE
FIGURE 016. MILITARY & DEFENSE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 017. AEROSPACE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 018. AUTOMOTIVE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 019. TEXTILE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 020. HEALTHCARE MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 021. OTHERS MARKET OVERVIEW (2016-2028)
FIGURE 022. NORTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
FIGURE 023. EUROPE 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
FIGURE 024. ASIA PACIFIC 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
FIGURE 025. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)
FIGURE 026. SOUTH AMERICA 4D PRINTING MARKET OVERVIEW BY COUNTRY (2016-2028)