Dental Equipment Market Synopsis

Dental Equipment Market Size Was Valued at USD 9.5 Billion in 2023, and is Projected to Reach USD 16.7 Billion by 2032, Growing at a CAGR of 6.5% From 2024-2032.

Dental equipment can therefore be described as a set of tools used in analysis, manipulation, treatment and management of any oral ailment. Some of the growth promoting factors that have been under discussion include: the growing world’s geriatric dentistry population that is suffering from oral diseases, a related and developing medical tourism regarding dental treatment and care, numerous government public oral health care plan and program launches. Further, the availability of various technologically enhanced and efficient dental products from the prominent companies is also affecting the market growth.

  • They all pointed out that the most frequent conditions affecting the majority of the population were dental caries and gingival inflammation. Fluctuations in the number of procedures performed in the dental field may also be related to projected changes in the usage of dental equipments. In addition, the dental equipment assist in the identification and management of caries, which is an infection by bacteria.
  • The common dental services performed in these visits comprise of fillings, bonding, root canal treatments, crowning, bridging, periodontal therapy, and oral/ maxillofacial surgery. These demonstrate the current possibilities of dental procedures internationally. The other prominent diseases which are likely to help the overall growth of the market are periodontal diseases, oral malignancies, and environmental injuries leading to oro-dental injuries.
  • The dental conditions like caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer are becoming common in people of all age groups which in turn, is creating a demand for dental equipment. Others may include malnutrition, lack of oral hygiene, and increase in the population of seniors all of which increase the prevalence of dental diseases. Subsequently, as individuals become more conscious of their oral health and progression to the preventive care measures, the number of patients seeking dental procedures is expected to rise. This increased dental traffic drives the need for all sorts of dental equipment including diagnostic mechanisms, treatment procedures, and surgical apparatus thus definitely driving more growth of the market in the next year.
  • However, laser dental treatment costs more than regular dental operational procedures by a large margin. It is between $6,700 and $78,000 for value, based on parameters of specifications, Wavelength, and Distribution networks hence challenging the growth of the dental equipment market size.

Dental Equipment Market Trend Analysis

Increasing awareness among consumers regarding oral hygiene

  • Increasing awareness among consumers regarding oral hygiene propels the dental equipment market opportunity growth. People's increasing focus on beauty has compelled them to seek prostheses, and technological breakthroughs and product launches, which have also contributed to the market growth. The advancement in technology to improve surgical treatment is expected to offer lucrative opportunities to the dental equipment market. As a result, it helps in the more effective treatment and efficient way for the dental surgery.

Technological Advancements in Dental Care

  • The developments in technology like digital imaging, 3D printing and Computer generated design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) are changing the face of dentistry. These advancements can improve diagnosis, planning of treatment, and the construction of dental restorations. As an example, digital radiography allows obtaining high-quality images with less radiation, and 3D printing allows the fabrication of precise dental implants and crowns. Thus, the increasing adoption of these technologies in the dental practice will lead to the increased demand for modern dental equipment, fueling the market growth.

Dental Equipment Market Segment Analysis:

Dental Equipment Market Segmented based on Procedure Type, Product Type, and End User.

By product type, dental laser equipment segment is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period

  • On the basis of product types, the dental laser equipment segment held the largest share of the global dental equipment market in 2023. Lasers in dentistry are defined as instruments creating a thin light beam and are used in dentistry to cut or ablate tissue. Dental lasers have made it easy to undertake procedures that are rapid and of no pain. It is quite useful to a certain extent, although the competence of the dentist to set the time the patient is exposed to the laser and output power of the laser plays a central role. The following are some of the advantages of dental lasers; there will be less post-operative discomfort, bleeding, and morbidity, less anesthetic is used, and the process takes less time. The use of dental equipment especially in the automotive industry will definitely ensure that segment of the market elaborates a certain potentiality for development in the course of the forecast period.

By end user, hospital's segment held the largest share in 2023

  • In terms of the end user, the hospital segment indicated the highest demand in 2023 due to the constant usage of dental equipment as the access to the modern digitally upgraded technologies and the presence of more institutions with a dentistry section. Besides, the growth of segment can be boosted by the intensified incidence of the oral problems. Depending on the application, dental equipment in hospitals is expected to help drive growth for the segment within the next couple of years.

Dental Equipment Market Regional Insights:

North America is Expected to Dominate the Market Over the Forecast period

  • In 2023, North America led the market and is expected to be the highest growing region over the course of the forecast period. The customers using dental equipments are gradually increasing in countries like the U. S. & Canada largely due to increased incidences of dental ailments and due to awareness.
  •  This is due to the increasing incidence of the geriatric population, robust healthcare systems, sound reimbursement policies, presence of market majors, and improvements in the preventive and reconstructive dental procedures. Also, 85% of people in the United States strongly agree with the notion that has been proposed by the American dental association regarding the significance of dental health hence the oral health as a crucial part of general wellbeing. All these factors will collectively lead to north America to emerge as the most promising regional market over the forecast period.
  • For example, on July 15th, 2021, Lakewood Ranch Dental affiliated with North American Dental Group that is a huge dental support organization including more than 250 dental practices in 15 states. Lakewood Ranch is a dental clinic in Lakewood Ranch, Florida near Sarasota that offers general dentistry, children dentistry and cosmetic dentistry. These aspects are assumed to positively influence this market’s growth and stimulate the demand for dental equipment in North America within the forecast period.

Active Key Players in the Dental Equipment Market

  • A-Dec Inc.
  • Planmeca Oy
  • Dentsply Sirona
  • Patterson Companies Inc.
  • Straumann
  • GC Corp.
  • Carestream Health Inc.
  • Biolase Inc.
  • Danaher Corp.
  • 3M ESPE, Other Key Players

Global Dental Equipment Market

Base Year:

2023

Forecast Period:

2024-2032

Historical Data:

2017 to 2023

Market Size in 2024:

USD 10.1 Bn.

Forecast Period 2024-32 CAGR:

6.5 %

Market Size in 2032:

USD 16.7 Bn.

Segments Covered:

By Procedure Type

  • Restorative
  • Peridontal
  • Endodontic
  • Orthodontic
  • Others

By Product Type

  • Dental Laser Equipment
  • Dental Radiology Equipment
  • Dental Software and Imaging
  • Mechanical Systems
  • Others

By End user

  • Hospitals
  • Academic Institute and Research Centers
  • Dental Clinics

By Region

  • North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
  • Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Rest of Eastern Europe)
  • Western Europe (Germany, UK, France, Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Western Europe)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, The Philippines, Australia, New-Zealand, Rest of APAC)
  • Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Israel, South Africa)
  • South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

Key Market Drivers:

  • Increasing Prevalence of Dental Disorders

Key Market Restraints:

  • High Cost of Dental Treatment

Key Opportunities:

  • Rising Demand for Cosmetic Dentistry

Companies Covered in the report:

  • A-Dec Inc.; Planmeca Oy; Dentsply Sirona; Patterson Companies Inc.;Straumann; GC Corp.; Carestream Health Inc.; Biolase Inc.; Danaher Corp.; 3M EPSE, and Other Major Players.

Chapter 1: Introduction
 1.1 Scope and Coverage

Chapter 2:Executive Summary

Chapter 3: Market Landscape
 3.1 Market Dynamics
  3.1.1 Drivers
  3.1.2 Restraints
  3.1.3 Opportunities
  3.1.4 Challenges
 3.2 Market Trend Analysis
 3.3 PESTLE Analysis
 3.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
 3.5 Industry Value Chain Analysis
 3.6 Ecosystem
 3.7 Regulatory Landscape
 3.8 Price Trend Analysis
 3.9 Patent Analysis
 3.10 Technology Evolution
 3.11 Investment Pockets
 3.12 Import-Export Analysis

Chapter 4: Dental Equipment Market by Procedure Type
 4.1 Dental Equipment Market Snapshot and Growth Engine
 4.2 Dental Equipment Market Overview
 4.3 Restorative
  4.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.3.4 Restorative: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.4 Peridontal
  4.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.4.4 Peridontal: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.5 Endodontic
  4.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.5.4 Endodontic: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.6 Orthodontic
  4.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.6.4 Orthodontic: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.7 Others
  4.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.7.4 Others: Geographic Segmentation Analysis

Chapter 5: Dental Equipment Market by Product Type
 5.1 Dental Equipment Market Snapshot and Growth Engine
 5.2 Dental Equipment Market Overview
 5.3 Dental Laser Equipment
  5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.3.4 Dental Laser Equipment: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.4 Dental Radiology Equipment
  5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.4.4 Dental Radiology Equipment: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.5 Dental Software and Imaging
  5.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.5.4 Dental Software and Imaging: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.6 Mechanical Systems
  5.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.6.4 Mechanical Systems: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.7 Others
  5.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.7.4 Others: Geographic Segmentation Analysis

Chapter 6: Dental Equipment Market by End User
 6.1 Dental Equipment Market Snapshot and Growth Engine
 6.2 Dental Equipment Market Overview
 6.3 Hospitals
  6.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  6.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  6.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  6.3.4 Hospitals: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 6.4 Academic Institute and Research Centers
  6.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  6.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  6.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  6.4.4 Academic Institute and Research Centers: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 6.5 Dental Clinics
  6.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  6.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  6.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  6.5.4 Dental Clinics: Geographic Segmentation Analysis

Chapter 7: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis
 7.1 Competitive Landscape
  7.1.1 Competitive Benchmarking
  7.1.2 Dental Equipment Market Share by Manufacturer (2023)
  7.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix
  7.1.4 Heat Map Analysis
  7.1.5 Mergers and Acquisitions
  
 7.2 A-DEC INC
  7.2.1 Company Overview
  7.2.2 Key Executives
  7.2.3 Company Snapshot
  7.2.4 Role of the Company in the Market
  7.2.5 Sustainability and Social Responsibility
  7.2.6 Operating Business Segments
  7.2.7 Product Portfolio
  7.2.8 Business Performance
  7.2.9 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments
  7.2.10 SWOT Analysis
 7.3 PLANMECA OY
 7.4 DENTSPLY SIRONA
 7.5 PATTERSON COMPANIES INC;STRAUMANN
 7.6 GC CORP
 7.7 CARESTREAM HEALTH INC
 7.8 BIOLASE INC
 7.9 DANAHER CORP
 7.10 3M EPSE
 7.11 OTHER MAJOR PLAYERS

Chapter 8: Global Dental Equipment Market By Region
 8.1 Overview
8.2. North America Dental Equipment Market
  8.2.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.2.2 Top Key Companies
  8.2.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.2.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.2.4.1 Restorative
   8.2.4.2 Peridontal
   8.2.4.3 Endodontic
   8.2.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.2.4.5 Others
  8.2.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.2.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.2.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.2.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.2.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.2.5.5 Others
  8.2.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.2.6.1 Hospitals
   8.2.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.2.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.2.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.2.7.1 US
   8.2.7.2 Canada
   8.2.7.3 Mexico
8.3. Eastern Europe Dental Equipment Market
  8.3.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.3.2 Top Key Companies
  8.3.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.3.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.3.4.1 Restorative
   8.3.4.2 Peridontal
   8.3.4.3 Endodontic
   8.3.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.3.4.5 Others
  8.3.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.3.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.3.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.3.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.3.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.3.5.5 Others
  8.3.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.3.6.1 Hospitals
   8.3.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.3.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.3.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.3.7.1 Bulgaria
   8.3.7.2 The Czech Republic
   8.3.7.3 Hungary
   8.3.7.4 Poland
   8.3.7.5 Romania
   8.3.7.6 Rest of Eastern Europe
8.4. Western Europe Dental Equipment Market
  8.4.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.4.2 Top Key Companies
  8.4.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.4.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.4.4.1 Restorative
   8.4.4.2 Peridontal
   8.4.4.3 Endodontic
   8.4.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.4.4.5 Others
  8.4.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.4.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.4.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.4.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.4.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.4.5.5 Others
  8.4.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.4.6.1 Hospitals
   8.4.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.4.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.4.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.4.7.1 Germany
   8.4.7.2 UK
   8.4.7.3 France
   8.4.7.4 Netherlands
   8.4.7.5 Italy
   8.4.7.6 Russia
   8.4.7.7 Spain
   8.4.7.8 Rest of Western Europe
8.5. Asia Pacific Dental Equipment Market
  8.5.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.5.2 Top Key Companies
  8.5.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.5.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.5.4.1 Restorative
   8.5.4.2 Peridontal
   8.5.4.3 Endodontic
   8.5.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.5.4.5 Others
  8.5.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.5.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.5.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.5.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.5.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.5.5.5 Others
  8.5.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.5.6.1 Hospitals
   8.5.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.5.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.5.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.5.7.1 China
   8.5.7.2 India
   8.5.7.3 Japan
   8.5.7.4 South Korea
   8.5.7.5 Malaysia
   8.5.7.6 Thailand
   8.5.7.7 Vietnam
   8.5.7.8 The Philippines
   8.5.7.9 Australia
   8.5.7.10 New Zealand
   8.5.7.11 Rest of APAC
8.6. Middle East & Africa Dental Equipment Market
  8.6.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.6.2 Top Key Companies
  8.6.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.6.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.6.4.1 Restorative
   8.6.4.2 Peridontal
   8.6.4.3 Endodontic
   8.6.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.6.4.5 Others
  8.6.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.6.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.6.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.6.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.6.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.6.5.5 Others
  8.6.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.6.6.1 Hospitals
   8.6.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.6.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.6.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.6.7.1 Turkey
   8.6.7.2 Bahrain
   8.6.7.3 Kuwait
   8.6.7.4 Saudi Arabia
   8.6.7.5 Qatar
   8.6.7.6 UAE
   8.6.7.7 Israel
   8.6.7.8 South Africa
8.7. South America Dental Equipment Market
  8.7.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.7.2 Top Key Companies
  8.7.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  8.7.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Procedure Type
   8.7.4.1 Restorative
   8.7.4.2 Peridontal
   8.7.4.3 Endodontic
   8.7.4.4 Orthodontic
   8.7.4.5 Others
  8.7.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Product Type
   8.7.5.1 Dental Laser Equipment
   8.7.5.2 Dental Radiology Equipment
   8.7.5.3 Dental Software and Imaging
   8.7.5.4 Mechanical Systems
   8.7.5.5 Others
  8.7.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End User
   8.7.6.1 Hospitals
   8.7.6.2 Academic Institute and Research Centers
   8.7.6.3 Dental Clinics
  8.7.7 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   8.7.7.1 Brazil
   8.7.7.2 Argentina
   8.7.7.3 Rest of SA

Chapter 9 Analyst Viewpoint and Conclusion
9.1 Recommendations and Concluding Analysis
9.2 Potential Market Strategies

Chapter 10 Research Methodology
10.1 Research Process
10.2 Primary Research
10.3 Secondary Research
 

Global Dental Equipment Market

Base Year:

2023

Forecast Period:

2024-2032

Historical Data:

2017 to 2023

Market Size in 2024:

USD 10.1 Bn.

Forecast Period 2024-32 CAGR:

6.5 %

Market Size in 2032:

USD 16.7 Bn.

Segments Covered:

By Procedure Type

  • Restorative
  • Peridontal
  • Endodontic
  • Orthodontic
  • Others

By Product Type

  • Dental Laser Equipment
  • Dental Radiology Equipment
  • Dental Software and Imaging
  • Mechanical Systems
  • Others

By End user

  • Hospitals
  • Academic Institute and Research Centers
  • Dental Clinics

By Region

  • North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
  • Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Rest of Eastern Europe)
  • Western Europe (Germany, UK, France, Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Western Europe)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, The Philippines, Australia, New-Zealand, Rest of APAC)
  • Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Israel, South Africa)
  • South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

Key Market Drivers:

  • Increasing Prevalence of Dental Disorders

Key Market Restraints:

  • High Cost of Dental Treatment

Key Opportunities:

  • Rising Demand for Cosmetic Dentistry

Companies Covered in the report:

  • A-Dec Inc.; Planmeca Oy; Dentsply Sirona; Patterson Companies Inc.;Straumann; GC Corp.; Carestream Health Inc.; Biolase Inc.; Danaher Corp.; 3M EPSE, and Other Major Players.
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Frequently Asked Questions :

What would be the forecast period in the Dental Equipment Market research report?

The forecast period in the Dental Equipment Market research report is 2024-2032.

Who are the key players in the Dental Equipment Market?

A-Dec Inc.; Planmeca Oy; Dentsply Sirona; Patterson Companies Inc.;Straumann; GC Corp.; Carestream Health Inc.; Biolase Inc.; Danaher Corp.; 3M EPSE, and Other Major Players.

What are the segments of the Dental Equipment Market?

The Dental Equipment Market is segmented into procedure type, product type, end user, and region. By procedure type, the market is categorized into Restorative, Peridontal, Endodontic, Orthodontic, and Others. By product type, the market is categorized into Dental Laser Equipment, Dental Radiology Equipment, Dental Software and Imaging, Mechanical Systems, and Others. By end user, the market is categorized into Hospitals, Academic Institute and Research Centers, Dental Clinics. By region, it is analyzed across North America (U.S.; Canada; Mexico), Europe (Germany; U.K.; France; Italy; Russia; Spain, etc.), Asia-Pacific (China; India; Japan; Southeast Asia, etc.), South America (Brazil; Argentina, etc.), Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia; South Africa, etc.).

What is the Dental Equipment Market?

Dental equipments is defined as the many and multifaceted devices that is employed by dentists to assess diagnose and manage oral health problems in clients. This comprises tooth cleaning tools, filling and extraction tools and other tools used in dental surgeries, chairs used by the dental surgeons, X-ray machines, and units used for sterilizing the tools among others.

How big is the Dental Equipment Market?

Dental Equipment Market Size Was Valued at USD 9.5 Billion in 2023, and is Projected to Reach USD 16.7 Billion by 2032, Growing at a CAGR of 6.5% From 2024-2032.