Content Moderation Solutions Market Size, Share, Trend & Global Industry Analysis

Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview

Content Moderation Solutions Market Size Was Valued at USD 14.2 Billion in 2023, and is Projected to Reach USD 32.9 Billion by 2032, Growing at a CAGR of 12.4 % From 2024-2032.

Content moderation solutions is a service that enables the sorting of indecent, irrelevant, and illegal comments. It defends brands and users from misleading and inappropriate content to boost the overall experience of users. It also supports improving search engines to improve the digital footprint of brands. Content moderation solutions are critical in the modern era of digital marketing. These solutions play an essential role in defending the brand image of businesses online among their target audiences. User-generated content on social media accounts such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and others increases the risk related to brand value.

Content moderation solution in such cases helps the organizations to portray genuine and positive content that follows community guidelines. Various content moderation solution incorporates web content moderation, video & image moderation, video & image moderation, chat moderation, and social media moderation. There are different types of content moderation solutions including pre-moderation solutions, reactive moderation, automated moderation, and post moderation. The content moderation solutions market is observing remarkable growth owing to augmented internet accessibility and the high penetration of smartphones. The content moderation solutions market is being stimulated owing to the rising availability of the Internet and high smartphone penetration in emerging nations. Emerging economies are obtaining government support for the development of electronic infrastructure, which includes Internet connectivity.

Market Dynamics And Factors For The Content Moderation Solutions Market

Drivers:

Growing Spending on Digital Video Advertising

Total video ad spending of companies is rising with each passing year. Companies are planning to spend more than half of their advertising budgets on video ads. The more the volume of advertisements, the more the requirement of content moderation solutions to diminish the content that is intended to be delivered on a public platform. Therefore, this is turning the growth of the content moderation solutions market, globally.

Augmented Internet Availability and Rising Penetration of Smartphones

Emerging nations are receiving government support for the development of electronic infrastructure, which includes Internet connectivity. Hence, any individual can generate content and upload the same with a single click and make it accessible to all. This is stimulating the growth of the content moderation solutions market over the globe.

Protects the Brand

Cambridge Analytica data breach cost Facebook $35 billion in valuation and dragged Mark Zuckerberg to the Senate to testify, where he had a tough time explaining how his social media platform works and ensures customers' data security. With content moderation, digital players in e-commerce, entertainment, and social media segment can protect their brands from getting misused and maligned like Facebook. Therefore, this is turning the growth of the content moderation solutions market, globally.

Supports with Customer Journey Mapping

The social media platform and online shopping industry are obtaining into a unique partnership where they will rely on each other for sales, customer support, and growth. Customers are probably to try new things and make the most of these opportunities. Brands can use content moderation to map their customer's journeys. When you traverse the content generated by users, it gets easier for you to develop an understanding of how your customers are using your services/products. A customer journey map will also reveal the time, mode, devices, and varied other interesting information about the users. Therefore, this is turning the growth of the content moderation solutions market, globally.

Restraints:

Use to Sell or Encourage Fake or Imitated Products

In December 2019, Economic Times reported that HUL is taking Snapdeal to court for selling fake products. The official complaint held Snapdeal's founder liable for selling fake products. Similarly, Club Factory, another e-commerce marketplace got in trouble for selling imitated products online. Nike and Adidas are constantly looking for platforms and sellers that are pushing first copies of their imminent products hence e-commerce players need to adapt content moderation and weed all such duplicate products out.

Furthermore, the government bodies of several nations have approved various regulations about content moderation, and have established different standards for banned or adult content. This is a major restraint to the content moderation solutions market. disinclination to work as a content moderator is expected to have a high impact on the global content moderation solutions market, because, even after automating the content moderation process, human intervention is required to update the vast content that needs to be moderated by the solution, as soon as a flag has been raised. Also, a lot of content is too graphic, and not many people can bear to view such content to moderate it.

Opportunities:

The Growth of Violent & Criminal Content Moderation

As part of the violence and crime content moderation, beating, killing threats, shooting with a weapon and another incendiary as well as terrorist activities, cruelty, and other hateful crimes or law-breaking actions are controlled. Content moderators keep a careful eye on groups, individuals, and organizations that promote such activities or groupings.

Adoption of Hybrid Approach i.e., Implying Both Humans and Technology

Content moderation solutions that combine the power of humans and technology are becoming increasingly popular among companies. A major part of content moderation will continue to depend on people due to the need for improved human judgment. However, moderation teams will need to become more efficient at regulating huge volumes of user-generated material to protect a brand's online community. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can also be used to safeguard moderators from content that could negatively impact their mental health.

Market Segmentation

Segmentation Analysis of Content Moderation Solutions Market:

Based on Component, the market is classified into software and services. The software segment is anticipated to hold the largest content moderation solutions market share over the forecasted period. The software segment has been segmented into cloud and on-premise.

Based on the Type, the video moderation segment is expected to dominate the content moderation solutions market during the forecast period. Popular video-sharing apps and EdTech start-ups are utilizing pre-moderation services to make sure that no politically encouraged content is pushed through their platform. In pre-moderation, all pieces of content submitted by users or authorized members are sent for verification. The specialized team relies on a set of supplied guidelines to discover violations if any. Facebook ads and editorials submitted on a popular media outlet are a perfect example of pre-moderation.  Moreover, much-eased approach towards protecting the platform clean of harmful content. In post-moderation services, content that was reported is only moderated. YouTube is maybe the best example of content moderation. The platform reviews videos only after they have been reported or found to breach copyright issues.

Based on the Moderation Type, the reactive moderation segment is expected to dominate the content moderation solutions market during the forecast period. Developed to provide customers a mitigate experience and only screen content when found or reported to have explicit content. Some developing platforms are looking forward to reaching momentum hence they enable their users to enjoy a certain set of freedom and take action only as a reaction to popular shout. Unlike Facebook ads, Facebook posts made by common users are moderated through this method and it is maybe the best content moderation example out there. Reactive moderation supports platforms that maintain two things such as freedom to customers and sanity check.

Based on the End-Users, the media and entertainment segment is expected to dominate the market over the forecast period. Social media is a pool of people over the world, interacting by digital platforms, utilizing and creating data in the form of messages, posts, and comments. In this large ocean of people, there is a greater chance for individuals to deceive others or post sensitive information, as well as misguide people for inappropriate causes. On social media platforms, around 65% of the data present is false content, which is influencing society negatively. Hence, social media platform administrators have utilized CMS over their respective platforms.

Regional Analysis of Content Moderation Solutions Market:

Asia-Pacific is expected to dominate the content moderation solutions market owing to the growth in digitization initiatives by governments. Moreover, the rising of the smartphone, as well as Internet users, will further enhance the growth of the content moderation solutions market in the region during the forecast period. Americas is also estimated to witness a significant amount of growth in the content moderation solutions market owing to a large amount of data users. Additionally, the explosion of the data traffic has made current content moderation services insufficient and inefficient is further expected to hasten the growth of the content moderation solutions market in the region in the coming years.

Players Covered in Content Moderation Solutions Market are:

• IBM Corporation
• Alphabet Inc.
• Microsoft Corporation
• Accenture
• Pure Moderation
• Appen Limited
• Webhelp
• Basedo
• Alegion
• Clarifai Inc
• Cogito Tech LLC
• Computyne Business Process Services
• Conectys
• WebFurther LLC
• Two Hat Security
• Europe IT Outsourcing Company
• ICUC.Social
• Lionbridge Technologies Inc.
• OneSpace.com
• LiveWorld Inc.
• MD SOFTWARE
• Open Access BPO and other major key players.

COVID-19 Impact on Content Moderation Solutions Market

The COVID-19 crisis has forced a majority of countries to urge strict lockdowns and impose social distancing measures to flatten the impact curve. This has led to lower demand owing to interruptions in every market; nevertheless, the content moderation solutions market took a massive leap forward during this time. The coronavirus pandemic represents a major disruption for the functioning of content moderation. Like everyone else, content moderators are influenced by quarantine measures, and since, large platforms have been increasingly depending on AI. The shift to AI content moderation has long been promised by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook has augmented investments in machine learning capabilities. Moreover, the coronavirus pandemic has forced people across the globe to reexamine many things that are usually taken for granted. On that list is social media content moderation the practice of social media platforms making and imposing the rules regarding what content is or is not allowed on their services. The crisis is shaping up to be a formative moment for tech platforms. Major tech organizations have started sending home human workers who review social media content and relying more heavily on artificial intelligence (AI) tools to do the job instead. Facebook, Microsoft, Google, Twitter, LinkedIn, Reddit, and YouTube also released a brief "joint industry statement" saying that they are working closely together on their feedback efforts and "jointly combating fraud and disinformation about the virus, improve authoritative content on our platforms, and sharing critical updates in coordination with government healthcare agencies across the world." They invited other companies to join them.

Key Industry Developments In Content Moderation Solutions Market

• In Jan 2025, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced the company will replace professional third-party content moderation and fact-checking with a user-driven "Community Notes" model, similar to Elon Musk's approach on X (formerly Twitter). The shift aims to empower users to flag and contextualize misinformation collaboratively. Critics raise concerns about potential misuse and misinformation spread, while supporters see it as a step toward decentralizing content oversight. Meta plans to implement the change gradually across its platforms.

• In Jan 2025, IntouchCX, a global leader in customer experience management, announced its acquisition of a prominent content moderation solutions company. This strategic move aims to enhance IntouchCX's capabilities in managing digital content safety and trust. The acquisition aligns with IntouchCX's commitment to providing innovative and comprehensive solutions to its clients. By integrating advanced moderation technologies, the company seeks to address the growing need for secure and reliable online experiences across industries.

Chapter 1: Introduction
 1.1 Research Objectives
 1.2 Research Methodology
 1.3 Research Process
 1.4 Scope and Coverage
  1.4.1 Market Definition
  1.4.2 Key Questions Answered
 1.5 Market Segmentation

Chapter 2:Executive Summary

Chapter 3:Growth Opportunities By Segment
 3.1 By Component
 3.2 By Deployment Model
 3.3 By Moderation Type
 3.4 By End Users

Chapter 4: Market Landscape
 4.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  4.1.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier
  4.1.2 Threat of New Entrants
  4.1.3 Threat of Substitutes
  4.1.4 Competitive Rivalry
  4.1.5 Bargaining Power Among Buyers
 4.2 Industry Value Chain Analysis
 4.3 Market Dynamics
  4.3.1 Drivers
  4.3.2 Restraints
  4.3.3 Opportunities
  4.5.4 Challenges
 4.4 Pestle Analysis
 4.5 Technological Roadmap
 4.6 Regulatory Landscape
 4.7 SWOT Analysis
 4.8 Price Trend Analysis
 4.9 Patent Analysis
 4.10 Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19
  4.10.1 Impact on the Overall Market
  4.10.2 Impact on the Supply Chain
  4.10.3 Impact on the Key Manufacturers
  4.10.4 Impact on the Pricing

Chapter 5: Content Moderation Solutions Market by Component
 5.1 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 5.2 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview
 5.3 Software
  5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.3.4 Software: Grographic Segmentation
 5.4 Services
  5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.4.4 Services: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 6: Content Moderation Solutions Market by Deployment Model
 6.1 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 6.2 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview
 6.3 Cloud-based
  6.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  6.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  6.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  6.3.4 Cloud-based: Grographic Segmentation
 6.4 On-premises
  6.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  6.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  6.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  6.4.4 On-premises: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 7: Content Moderation Solutions Market by Moderation Type
 7.1 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 7.2 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview
 7.3 Pre-Moderation
  7.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  7.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  7.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.3.4 Pre-Moderation: Grographic Segmentation
 7.4 Post Moderation
  7.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  7.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  7.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.4.4 Post Moderation: Grographic Segmentation
 7.5 Reactive Moderation
  7.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  7.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  7.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.5.4 Reactive Moderation: Grographic Segmentation
 7.6 Automated Moderation
  7.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  7.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  7.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.6.4 Automated Moderation: Grographic Segmentation
 7.7 Distributed Moderation
  7.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  7.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  7.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.7.4 Distributed Moderation: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 8: Content Moderation Solutions Market by End Users
 8.1 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine
 8.2 Content Moderation Solutions Market Overview
 8.3 IT & Telecommunication
  8.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.3.4 IT & Telecommunication: Grographic Segmentation
 8.4 Banking
  8.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.4.4 Banking: Grographic Segmentation
 8.5 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  8.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.5.4 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI): Grographic Segmentation
 8.6 Media & Entertainment
  8.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.6.4 Media & Entertainment: Grographic Segmentation
 8.7 Retail & E-Commerce
  8.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.7.4 Retail & E-Commerce: Grographic Segmentation
 8.8 Others
  8.8.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  8.8.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2017-2032F)
  8.8.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  8.8.4 Others: Grographic Segmentation

Chapter 9: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis
 9.1 Competitive Landscape
  9.1.1 Competitive Positioning
  9.1.2 Content Moderation Solutions Sales and Market Share By Players
  9.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix
  9.1.4 Ansoff Matrix
  9.1.5 Content Moderation Solutions Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  9.1.6 Top 5 Content Moderation Solutions Players Market Share
  9.1.7 Mergers and Acquisitions
  9.1.8 Business Strategies By Top Players
 9.2 IBM CORPORATION
  9.2.1 Company Overview
  9.2.2 Key Executives
  9.2.3 Company Snapshot
  9.2.4 Operating Business Segments
  9.2.5 Product Portfolio
  9.2.6 Business Performance
  9.2.7 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments
  9.2.8 SWOT Analysis
 9.3 ALPHABET INC.
 9.4 MICROSOFT CORPORATION
 9.5 ACCENTURE
 9.6 PURE MODERATION
 9.7 APPEN LIMITED
 9.8 WEBHELP
 9.9 BASEDO
 9.10 ALEGION
 9.11 CLARIFAI INC
 9.12 COGITO TECH LLC
 9.13 COMPUTYNE BUSINESS PROCESS SERVICES
 9.14 CONECTYS
 9.15 WEBFURTHER LLC
 9.16 TWO HAT SECURITY
 9.17 EUROPE IT OUTSOURCING COMPANY
 9.18 ICUC.SOCIAL
 9.19 LIONBRIDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
 9.20 ONESPACE.COM
 9.21 LIVEWORLD INC.
 9.22 MD SOFTWARE
 9.23 OPEN ACCESS BPO
 9.24 OTHER MAJOR PLAYERS

Chapter 10: Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 10.1 Market Overview
 10.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  10.2.1 Software
  10.2.2 Services
 10.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  10.3.1 Cloud-based
  10.3.2 On-premises
 10.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  10.4.1 Pre-Moderation
  10.4.2 Post Moderation
  10.4.3 Reactive Moderation
  10.4.4 Automated Moderation
  10.4.5 Distributed Moderation
 10.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  10.5.1 IT & Telecommunication
  10.5.2 Banking
  10.5.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  10.5.4 Media & Entertainment
  10.5.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  10.5.6 Others

Chapter 11: North America Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 11.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 11.2 Impact of Covid-19
 11.3 Key Players
 11.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 11.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  11.4.1 Software
  11.4.2 Services
 11.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  11.5.1 Cloud-based
  11.5.2 On-premises
 11.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  11.6.1 Pre-Moderation
  11.6.2 Post Moderation
  11.6.3 Reactive Moderation
  11.6.4 Automated Moderation
  11.6.5 Distributed Moderation
 11.7 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  11.7.1 IT & Telecommunication
  11.7.2 Banking
  11.7.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  11.7.4 Media & Entertainment
  11.7.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  11.7.6 Others
 11.8 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  11.8.1 U.S.
  11.8.2 Canada
  11.8.3 Mexico

Chapter 12: Europe Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 12.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 12.2 Impact of Covid-19
 12.3 Key Players
 12.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 12.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  12.4.1 Software
  12.4.2 Services
 12.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  12.5.1 Cloud-based
  12.5.2 On-premises
 12.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  12.6.1 Pre-Moderation
  12.6.2 Post Moderation
  12.6.3 Reactive Moderation
  12.6.4 Automated Moderation
  12.6.5 Distributed Moderation
 12.7 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  12.7.1 IT & Telecommunication
  12.7.2 Banking
  12.7.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  12.7.4 Media & Entertainment
  12.7.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  12.7.6 Others
 12.8 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  12.8.1 Germany
  12.8.2 U.K.
  12.8.3 France
  12.8.4 Italy
  12.8.5 Russia
  12.8.6 Spain
  12.8.7 Rest of Europe

Chapter 13: Asia-Pacific Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 13.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 13.2 Impact of Covid-19
 13.3 Key Players
 13.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 13.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  13.4.1 Software
  13.4.2 Services
 13.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  13.5.1 Cloud-based
  13.5.2 On-premises
 13.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  13.6.1 Pre-Moderation
  13.6.2 Post Moderation
  13.6.3 Reactive Moderation
  13.6.4 Automated Moderation
  13.6.5 Distributed Moderation
 13.7 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  13.7.1 IT & Telecommunication
  13.7.2 Banking
  13.7.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  13.7.4 Media & Entertainment
  13.7.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  13.7.6 Others
 13.8 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  13.8.1 China
  13.8.2 India
  13.8.3 Japan
  13.8.4 Singapore
  13.8.5 Australia
  13.8.6 New Zealand
  13.8.7 Rest of APAC

Chapter 14: Middle East & Africa Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 14.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 14.2 Impact of Covid-19
 14.3 Key Players
 14.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 14.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  14.4.1 Software
  14.4.2 Services
 14.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  14.5.1 Cloud-based
  14.5.2 On-premises
 14.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  14.6.1 Pre-Moderation
  14.6.2 Post Moderation
  14.6.3 Reactive Moderation
  14.6.4 Automated Moderation
  14.6.5 Distributed Moderation
 14.7 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  14.7.1 IT & Telecommunication
  14.7.2 Banking
  14.7.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  14.7.4 Media & Entertainment
  14.7.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  14.7.6 Others
 14.8 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  14.8.1 Turkey
  14.8.2 Saudi Arabia
  14.8.3 Iran
  14.8.4 UAE
  14.8.5 Africa
  14.8.6 Rest of MEA

Chapter 15: South America Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2017-2032
 15.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 15.2 Impact of Covid-19
 15.3 Key Players
 15.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
 15.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Component
  15.4.1 Software
  15.4.2 Services
 15.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Deployment Model
  15.5.1 Cloud-based
  15.5.2 On-premises
 15.6 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Moderation Type
  15.6.1 Pre-Moderation
  15.6.2 Post Moderation
  15.6.3 Reactive Moderation
  15.6.4 Automated Moderation
  15.6.5 Distributed Moderation
 15.7 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By End Users
  15.7.1 IT & Telecommunication
  15.7.2 Banking
  15.7.3 Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
  15.7.4 Media & Entertainment
  15.7.5 Retail & E-Commerce
  15.7.6 Others
 15.8 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
  15.8.1 Brazil
  15.8.2 Argentina
  15.8.3 Rest of SA

Chapter 16 Investment Analysis

Chapter 17 Analyst Viewpoint and Conclusion