Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Synopsis

Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Size Was Valued at USD 19.34 Billion in 2023 and is Projected to Reach USD 31.86 Billion by 2032, Growing at a CAGR of 5.7% From 2024-2032.

A circuit breaker is one of the most important safety devices in electrical systems as it safeguards an electrical circuit in case of excess current or short circuit. It’s the simplest role of converting the flow of current in a circuit and stopping it immediately a fault occurs.

Unlike a fuse that can only work a single time, and it must be replaced once it blinks, a circuit breaker is reusable and goes back to being useful once the problem is corrected in its path. Circuit breaker is crucial in the safety and management of electrical installations, with protection as well as control being its major functions.

• The working of a circuit breaker is very simple, but it provides best results when used specifically. It facilitates identifying any irregularities in the current flow, specifically an overload current, which happens when the current is higher than the rated capacity of that circuit, and short circuit, which occurs when a direct connection between the live and neutral terminals exists and allows excessive current flow.
• When such conditions are getting, the circuit breaker tends to cut off the continuity of the electricity supply to protect and minimize harm to certain equipment and avoid fire or other incidents. This interruption is done through thermal, magnetic or combinations of tripping elements depending on the type of breaker in question.
• Originally, when talking about equipment protection, no one could imagine that they are powerless without the devices like circuit breakers. They are utilized in all fields of life starting from household appliances, commercial and industrial machines etc serves the main purpose of confirming that each piece of equipment is electrically safe to use. More features available in up-to-date circuit breakers include remote monitoring and setting, programmable adjusting of the trip ranges, and compatibility with smart grid measures making the breakers more effective.
• In this way, circuit breakers also have a great importance to avoid the destroying of the equipment’s and to continue the steady running of machinery, thereby contributing significantly to the reliability and security of electrical supplies.

Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Trend Analysis

Digitalization and Automation

• The globalization coupled with digitization and automation is prevalent and preferable in the Circuit Breaker for Equipment market because modern-day complexes demand less electric failure and a safer electrical grid. Digital circuit breakers also feature highly developed sensors that enable the measurement of electrical variables, and microcontrollers that enables the control of electrical currents and the management of faults or abnormalities.
• Management of these systems through automation ensures that potential hitches that may come in future are detected to be corrected before the cause big issues thus helping in the reduction of downtime and cost of maintenance. This transformation improves the circuit breaker capabilities including the smart grid technologies, which are critical for enhancing electricity delivery today.
• Moreover, the IoT integration in circuit breakers enables the monitoring and control of the equipment from a distance, making it appropriate for industrial and business facilities containing the circuits over broad spaces or spaces that are hard to reach. Smart inverters and switches can be integrated with IoT and exchange information between circuit breakers and central management systems regarding the electrical load, fault conditions, and breaker status.
• It also provides a single-point fusion that enables centralized decision-making regularly and automatically guarantees variances in energy intake and system performance. For industries looking to use their energy more efficiently in their operation of production facilities, these forms of digital and automation efficiencies are becoming more appealing.
• Last but not the least; regulatory standards and safety required are also affecting the market to go for digital and automated one. In the present electrical systems, the safety norms and performance standards expected of circuit breakers are much higher and such requirements are easier met by digital means with more accurate controls and superior monitoring tools.
• First of all, the use of automation leads to the improvement of safety since it takes much time to find out and lock fault, which reduces the electrical fire and other dangers. Therefore, it has become a common strategy for manufacturers to incorporate technology into designing better and more complex circuit breakers to suit the ever growing market. This is expected to persist in the coming years due to consistent improvements in the technology and increasing need of smart and effective electrical solutions.

The rise of distributed generation, including rooftop solar and microgrids

• The use of distributed generation including roof top solar cells, micro grid etc are also prominently influencing the requirement of better form of circuit breaker in the equipment’s’ market. While He has mentioned that distributed generation systems have some common characteristics, they also pose some specific demands which is why local electric networks may have unique solutions to address them.
• Circuit breakers can therefore be described as playing a crucial role in these systems, the main purpose being to afford the necessary safety and reliability within systems to protect them from faults, overloads and short circuits. Rooftop solar installations are becoming commonplace with households, as well as businesses, hence, there is the need to have suitable circuit breakers for these applications to ensure the safety of use and control of currents.
• Next, microgrids, that exist as a separate system but can interface with the primary power grid, add another layer into the equation, making the circuit breaker requirement all the more complex. Such localized energy systems can involve combinations of renewable power, battery storage, and traditional sources of energy.
• A dual power supply system requires sophisticated circuit breakers due to the challenge of controlling numerous power sources and designing reliable power control to meet load needs at all times, particularly during transitions between controlled grid-connected and self-sustaining modes. Another advantage of circuit breakers is the ability to open and isolate faults during microgrids within a short time frame and keep the system integrity allowing the overall strength of the energy network to experience less loss of time, which is a key aspect of reliability and resiliency.
• In addition, the increasing adoption of distributed generation is setting the stage for innovations in circuit breaker design, development of highly intelligent circuit breakers with great capacities including remote control, abnormality tracking, and control services. They lack real-time analytical capabilities, which I believe will necessitate continuous monitoring and control of electrical systems to enhance functional performance.
• The antiFI Foundation 2020 report of the global distributed generation market implies that the demand for these intelligent circuit breakers will rise as the market grows, opening promising opportunities for manufacturers and suppliers in the equipment market. This evolution is not only relevant for the management of distributed energy resources today but also consistent with other key trends such as digitalization and the progress of create smart grid in the energy field.

Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Segment Analysis:

Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Segmented on the basis of Material and Type.

By Type, Socket Mount segment is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period

• In the Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market, the socket mount segment occupies nearly half of the market share followed by other segments such as chassis mount and rear mount. Socket mount circuit breakers are preferred because of its easy instalment or replacement as compared to the other mentioned types.
• One of them is the construction of their plugs that allow the base to be easily plugged into a socket, makes it very convenient when it comes to their maintenance or upgrading without actually having to dismantle other equipment’s around it that is connected to it or rewiring the entire circuit. This ease of use is especially beneficial in those sectors where time is of essence and necessitates to be wasted on an intermittent basis at the most, and these include data centres, telecommunication, and industrial automation.
• In addition, for circuit breakers with sockets and mounts, they are utilized broadly in residential and commercial fields. Available in small size and with easy to operate display interfaces, they can be incorporated in consumer electronics, home appliances and buildings.
• Technology advancement and the rise of smart homes have enhanced the usage of socket mount circuit breakers while the high demand for trucks and other vehicles that require power circuits has boosted demand for socket mount circuit breakers. Also, they share high flexibility of carrying out assorted current ratings and protective elements that make them applicable in a wide range of uses in power systems and again strengthening their markets hold.
• As for the chassis and rear mount circuit breakers, although they also have their demand in some specific field, they cannot compare with the convenience that socket mounts can provide for users. Chassis mount circuit breakers are usually employed when it comes to more permanent applications where space occupancy and mechanical robustness of applied equipment are critical factors such as in manufacturing equipment and control panels.
• Rear mount circuit breakers are usually called upon in applications where the circuit breaker needs to be integrated into the infrastructure discreetly, in specific types of applications in industrial as well as commercial equipment. However, these applications are confined to particular uses as compared to the versatile use of socket mount breakers and as a result they have limited market holding. Thus, the affiliate trend of setting absolute emphasis on the haste of installation and maintenance, in addition to growing incorporation of smart mechanical procedures, underlines how the socket mount segment remains the leading circuit breaker for equipment market.

By Application, Heavy Industrial segment expected to held the largest share

• In the Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market application wise the main classifications are Automotive and others where the leading sub segment is Residential. It is mainly caused by the increased usage of portable electronic devices for personal use than for professional purposes in homes.
• There is a heavy usage of non-voice applications covering communication needs through mobile handsets, data and voice connectivity through laptops, tablets and media players and replacing home multimedia educational applications. These devices are perfect for home, because people can use them for nearly any activity they may encounter in their daily lives, whether it be for entertainment, work, or handling smart home interfaces.
• Several factors have contributed to the rise in the residential segment, that is the enhanced use of the internet, the advancements that have occurred in making homes intelligent and the effects brought about by work from home and online classes. Homes that are adopting smart technology shifting more centre of gravity to tablets, smartphones and wearable gadgets for controlling home conditions, timetables for work and education, even for attending online classes.
• COVID-19 took this trend to the next level as the world embraced compulsory lock down and social distancing, making efficient and effective home-based solutions for work, school and recreation essential paramount. It has also given a more accredited status to the part of portable electronic products that is more dominated by the residential segment.
• Secondly, there is a proliferation of Circuit Breaker for Equipment, and the constant improvement of technologies, which has resulted in people from various income brackets being able to afford Circuit Breaker for Equipment.
• This clearly indicates that as more people have the ability to buy and use these devices, then more people will be available in the market from the residential segment. Further, the adaptation of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) in consumer electronics has extended its usability and desirability attributes that the consumer electronics are deemed as a necessity in contemporary societies. Therefore, the residential segment remains a growth engine for Circuit Breaker for Equipment as the industry underscores innovation, consumer access, and new necessities in home applications.

Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Regional Insights:

North America is Expected to Dominate the Market Over the Forecast period

• The Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market in North America has seen significant growth in the past few years, and this could be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the region possesses a well-developed industrial base and a strong factor for manufacturing operations. It is worthy of note that there are many industries all over the world especially in the United States and Canada which include automotive industries, Aerospace industries, Electronics industries and heavy industries machinery industries among others, which requires enhanced and dependable circuit breaker systems for proper functioning. Industrial demands require high-quality electrical equipment such as circuit breakers hence the need for huge investment, development and innovation within a circuit breaker market.
• Safety and legal requirements especially in North America are strict regarding usage of electric equipment, and therefore require efficient circuit breakers. Industry bodies like National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) & Underwriters Laboratories (UL) provide strict standards which need to be complied with avoid using substandard or low efficiency circuit breaker. Besides, this environment increases the demand for star-rated circuit breaker and promotes continuous improvement to fulfill these requirements hence solidifying Asia’s market leadership.
• Last but not the least; the factor is the emergence of new technologies; this region is home to some of the most prominent manufacturers from across the world especially in North America. Prominent key players operating in the circuit breaker market include ABB Ltd., Schneider Electric, and Siemens among others; such players have established large manufacturing facilities and research and development centers in the region, thus, stating a continuous improvement in the circuit breaker technologies.
• As such it can be understood that innovation is a chief priority and these company’s help to maintain North America in leadership of this market. Also, the use of smart grid and an uptrend in the going solar and wind energy projects in the area increases the need for the development of more efficient and sophisticated circuit breakers needed for usability, control, and protection of numerous and more complex circuits, therefore providing support to the market’s growth and dominance.

Active Key Players in the Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market

• ABB Ltd. (Switzerland)
• Crompton Greaves Consumer Electricals Limited (India)
• Eaton Corporation (Ireland)
• E-T-A Elektrotechnische Apparate GmbH (Germany)
• Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (Japan)
• General Electric Company (USA)
• Havells India Ltd. (India)
• Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
• Hyundai Electric & Energy Systems Co., Ltd. (South Korea)
• Larsen & Toubro Limited (India)
• Legrand SA (France)
• Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (Japan)
• NKT A/S (Denmark)
• Powell Industries, Inc. (USA)
• Rockwell Automation, Inc. (USA)
• S&C Electric Company (USA)
• Schneider Electric SE (France)
• Siemens AG (Germany)
• Toshiba Corporation (Japan)
• WEG S.A. (Brazil)
• Other Active Key Players

Chapter 1: Introduction
 1.1 Scope and Coverage

Chapter 2:Executive Summary

Chapter 3: Market Landscape
 3.1 Market Dynamics
  3.1.1 Drivers
  3.1.2 Restraints
  3.1.3 Opportunities
  3.1.4 Challenges
 3.2 Market Trend Analysis
 3.3 PESTLE Analysis
 3.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
 3.5 Industry Value Chain Analysis
 3.6 Ecosystem
 3.7 Regulatory Landscape
 3.8 Price Trend Analysis
 3.9 Patent Analysis
 3.10 Technology Evolution
 3.11 Investment Pockets
 3.12 Import-Export Analysis

Chapter 4: Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market by Type
 4.1 Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Snapshot and Growth Engine
 4.2 Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Overview
 4.3 Socket Mount
  4.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.3.4 Socket Mount: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.4 Chassis
  4.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.4.4 Chassis: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 4.5 Rear Mount
  4.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  4.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  4.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  4.5.4 Rear Mount: Geographic Segmentation Analysis

Chapter 5: Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market by Application
 5.1 Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Snapshot and Growth Engine
 5.2 Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Overview
 5.3 Automotive
  5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.3.4 Automotive: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.4 Heavy Industrial
  5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.4.4 Heavy Industrial: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.5 General Industrial
  5.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.5.4 General Industrial: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.6 Construction
  5.6.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.6.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.6.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.6.4 Construction: Geographic Segmentation Analysis
 5.7 Others
  5.7.1 Introduction and Market Overview
  5.7.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size in Value USD and Volume Units (2017-2032F)
  5.7.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  5.7.4 Others: Geographic Segmentation Analysis

Chapter 6: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis
 6.1 Competitive Landscape
  6.1.1 Competitive Benchmarking
  6.1.2 Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market Share by Manufacturer (2023)
  6.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix
  6.1.4 Heat Map Analysis
  6.1.5 Mergers and Acquisitions
  
 6.2 ABB LTD. (SWITZERLAND)
  6.2.1 Company Overview
  6.2.2 Key Executives
  6.2.3 Company Snapshot
  6.2.4 Role of the Company in the Market
  6.2.5 Sustainability and Social Responsibility
  6.2.6 Operating Business Segments
  6.2.7 Product Portfolio
  6.2.8 Business Performance
  6.2.9 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments
  6.2.10 SWOT Analysis
 6.3 CROMPTON GREAVES CONSUMER ELECTRICALS LIMITED (INDIA)
 6.4 EATON CORPORATION (IRELAND)
 6.5 E-T-A ELEKTROTECHNISCHE APPARATE GMBH (GERMANY)
 6.6 FUJI ELECTRIC CO.
 6.7 LTD. (JAPAN)
 6.8 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY (USA)
 6.9 HAVELLS INDIA LTD. (INDIA)
 6.10 HITACHI
 6.11 LTD. (JAPAN)
 6.12 HYUNDAI ELECTRIC & ENERGY SYSTEMS CO.
 6.13 LTD. (SOUTH KOREA)
 6.14 LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED (INDIA)
 6.15 LEGRAND SA (FRANCE)
 6.16 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION (JAPAN)
 6.17 NKT A/S (DENMARK)
 6.18 POWELL INDUSTRIES
 6.19 INC. (USA)
 6.20 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION
 6.21 INC. (USA)
 6.22 S&C ELECTRIC COMPANY (USA)
 6.23 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SE (FRANCE)
 6.24 SIEMENS AG (GERMANY)
 6.25 TOSHIBA CORPORATION (JAPAN)
 6.26 WEG S.A. (BRAZIL)
 6.27 OTHER ACTIVE KEY PLAYEABB LTD. (SWITZERLAND)
 6.28 CROMPTON GREAVES CONSUMER ELECTRICALS LIMITED (INDIA)
 6.29 EATON CORPORATION (IRELAND)
 6.30 E-T-A ELEKTROTECHNISCHE APPARATE GMBH (GERMANY)
 6.31 FUJI ELECTRIC CO.
 6.32 LTD. (JAPAN)
 6.33 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY (USA)
 6.34 HAVELLS INDIA LTD. (INDIA)
 6.35 HITACHI
 6.36 LTD. (JAPAN)
 6.37 HYUNDAI ELECTRIC & ENERGY SYSTEMS CO.
 6.38 LTD. (SOUTH KOREA)
 6.39 LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED (INDIA)
 6.40 LEGRAND SA (FRANCE)
 6.41 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION (JAPAN)
 6.42 NKT A/S (DENMARK)
 6.43 POWELL INDUSTRIES INC (USA)
 6.44 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION INC (USA)
 6.45 S&C ELECTRIC COMPANY (USA)
 6.46 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SE (FRANCE)
 6.47 SIEMENS AG (GERMANY)
 6.48 TOSHIBA CORPORATION (JAPAN)
 6.49 WEG SA (BRAZIL)
 6.50 OTHER ACTIVE KEY PLAYERS

Chapter 7: Global Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market By Region
 7.1 Overview
 7.2. North America Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.2.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.2.2 Top Key Companies
  7.2.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.2.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.2.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.2.4.2 Chassis
   7.2.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.2.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.2.5.1 Automotive
   7.2.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.2.5.3 General Industrial
   7.2.5.4 Construction
   7.2.5.5 Others
  7.2.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.2.6.1 US
   7.2.6.2 Canada
   7.2.6.3 Mexico
 7.3. Eastern Europe Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.3.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.3.2 Top Key Companies
  7.3.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.3.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.3.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.3.4.2 Chassis
   7.3.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.3.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.3.5.1 Automotive
   7.3.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.3.5.3 General Industrial
   7.3.5.4 Construction
   7.3.5.5 Others
  7.3.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.3.6.1 Bulgaria
   7.3.6.2 The Czech Republic
   7.3.6.3 Hungary
   7.3.6.4 Poland
   7.3.6.5 Romania
   7.3.6.6 Rest of Eastern Europe
 7.4. Western Europe Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.4.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.4.2 Top Key Companies
  7.4.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.4.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.4.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.4.4.2 Chassis
   7.4.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.4.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.4.5.1 Automotive
   7.4.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.4.5.3 General Industrial
   7.4.5.4 Construction
   7.4.5.5 Others
  7.4.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.4.6.1 Germany
   7.4.6.2 UK
   7.4.6.3 France
   7.4.6.4 Netherlands
   7.4.6.5 Italy
   7.4.6.6 Russia
   7.4.6.7 Spain
   7.4.6.8 Rest of Western Europe
 7.5. Asia Pacific Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.5.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.5.2 Top Key Companies
  7.5.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.5.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.5.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.5.4.2 Chassis
   7.5.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.5.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.5.5.1 Automotive
   7.5.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.5.5.3 General Industrial
   7.5.5.4 Construction
   7.5.5.5 Others
  7.5.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.5.6.1 China
   7.5.6.2 India
   7.5.6.3 Japan
   7.5.6.4 South Korea
   7.5.6.5 Malaysia
   7.5.6.6 Thailand
   7.5.6.7 Vietnam
   7.5.6.8 The Philippines
   7.5.6.9 Australia
   7.5.6.10 New Zealand
   7.5.6.11 Rest of APAC
 7.6. Middle East & Africa Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.6.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.6.2 Top Key Companies
  7.6.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.6.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.6.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.6.4.2 Chassis
   7.6.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.6.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.6.5.1 Automotive
   7.6.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.6.5.3 General Industrial
   7.6.5.4 Construction
   7.6.5.5 Others
  7.6.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.6.6.1 Turkey
   7.6.6.2 Bahrain
   7.6.6.3 Kuwait
   7.6.6.4 Saudi Arabia
   7.6.6.5 Qatar
   7.6.6.6 UAE
   7.6.6.7 Israel
   7.6.6.8 South Africa
 7.7. South America Circuit Breaker for Equipment Market
  7.7.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities
  7.7.2 Top Key Companies
  7.7.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size by Segments
  7.7.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type
   7.7.4.1 Socket Mount
   7.7.4.2 Chassis
   7.7.4.3 Rear Mount
  7.7.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application
   7.7.5.1 Automotive
   7.7.5.2 Heavy Industrial
   7.7.5.3 General Industrial
   7.7.5.4 Construction
   7.7.5.5 Others
  7.7.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country
   7.7.6.1 Brazil
   7.7.6.2 Argentina
   7.7.6.3 Rest of SA

Chapter 8 Analyst Viewpoint and Conclusion
8.1 Recommendations and Concluding Analysis
8.2 Potential Market Strategies

Chapter 9 Research Methodology
9.1 Research Process
9.2 Primary Research
9.3 Secondary Research